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Learn English / Pronouns

by | Jan 26, 2022 | Learn English

English Grammar – Pronouns

(english)Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns. We often use them to avoid repeating the nouns that they refer to. Pronouns have different forms for the different ways we use them.

 

A pronoun takes the place of a noun.

Example story:

Mary is one of the heads of the ToJi Corporation. Mary works with Mr. James and Mr. James’ son Tom. Mr. James and Mr. James’ son Tom are experts in biochemistry. Mary, Mr. James, and Tom researched and invented a drug for cancer treatment.

If the story above is written using pronouns:

Mary is one of the heads of the ToJi Corporation. She works with Mr. James and his son Tom. He and his son Tom are experts in biochemistry. They researched and invented a drug for cancer treatment.

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns refer to a person:

  • I go to school.
  • You are a student.
  • They are Koreans.
  • He works here.
  • We gave her food.

The word ‘it’ refers to an object:

  • I drank it.
  • It is big.
  • They cut it into halves.

Memorize the personal pronouns:

First Second Third
Male Female Neutral
Singular Subject I you he she it
Singular Object me you him her it
Singular Reflexive myself yourself himself herself itself
Plural Subject we you they
Plural Object us you them
Plural Reflexive ourselves yourselves themselves

 

[Quiz 4.1] English pronouns 

Write the correct pronoun in each blank.

1)I ate an apple.                     was delicious.
2)You look tired.                     should rest.
3)She is a teacher. I gave                    a book.
4)They are my friends. I like                     very much.
5)He saw the movie.                     was fun.

View Answers

[4.1]
1) it
2) you
3) her
4) them
5) it

Singular and Plural Nouns / Learn English

by | Jan 26, 2022 | Learn English

Singular and Plural Nouns

Singular and Plural Nouns English

A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea.

Usually, the first page of a grammar book tells you about nouns. Nouns give names of concrete or abstract things in our lives. As babies learn “mom,” “dad,” or “milk” as their first word, nouns should be the first topic when you study a foreign language.

For the plural form of most nouns, add s.

  • bottle – bottles
  • cup – cups
  • pencil – pencils
  • desk – desks
  • sticker – stickers
  • window – windows

For nouns that end in ch, x, s, or s sounds, add es.

  • box – boxes
  • watch – watches
  • moss – mosses
  • bus – buses

For nouns ending in f or fe, change f to v and add es.

  • wolf – wolves
  • wife – wives
  • leaf – leaves
  • life – lives

Some nouns have different plural forms.

  • child – children
  • woman – women
  • man – men
  • mouse – mice
  • goose – geese

Nouns ending in vowels like y or o do not have definite rules.

  • baby – babies
  • toy – toys
  • kidney – kidneys
  • potato – potatoes
  • memo – memos
  • stereo – stereos

A few nouns have the same singular and plural forms.

  • sheep – sheep
  • deer – deer
  • series – series
  • species – species

[Quiz 1.1] Singular and Plural Nouns

Choose the correct form of the noun in each sentence.

1)I have three (child, children).
2)There are five (man, men) and one (woman, women).
3)(Baby, Babies) play with bottles as toys.
4)I put two big (potato, potatoes) in the lunch box.
5)A few men wear (watch, watches).
6)I put a (memo, memos) on the desk.
7)I saw a (mouse, mice) running by.
8)There are few (bus, buses) on the road today.

View Answers

1) children
2) men, woman
3) Babies
4) potatoes
5) watches
6) memo
7) mouse
8) buses

Possessive nouns / Learn English

by | Jan 26, 2022 | Learn English

Possessive nouns are used to indicate ownership.

Possessive nouns usually are formed by adding an apostrophe (‘) and s.

  • John’s book
  • Kerry’s car
  • Grandma’s mirror

When a noun is plural and ends in s, just add an apostrophe (‘).

  • The kids’ toys
  • My parents’ house
  • The teachers’ lounge

If two people own one thing, add the apostrophe and s to the second person only.

  • John and Mary’s new house
  • David and Sue’s wedding
  • Tom and Doug’s car

If two people own separate things, add the apostrophe and s for each person.

  • Susan’s and Beth’s books
  • Jean’s and Dan’s pants
  • Ben’s and Jim’s offices

 

Singular Possessives

Add ‘s to singular words to show possession.

Dog’s collar sister’s backpack car’s engine
(dog  +  ‘s) (sister  +  ‘s) (car  +  ‘s)

If a singular word ends in s, it is still necessary to add ‘s.

Charles’s sneakers Bess’s dresses bus’s tires
(Charles  +  ‘s) (Bess  +  ‘s) (bus  +  ‘s)

Plural Possessives

If you have added an s to make a word plural (for example, cat ⇒ cats), adding ‘s will sound ridiculous (cats’s). In that case, add only the apostrophe to the end of the word.

Dogs’ collars sisters’ backpacks cars’ engines
(dogs  +  ‘) (sisters  +  ‘) (cars  +  ‘)

Just like singular possessives, plural possessives that don’t end in s add ‘s.

Children’s homework fish’s bowls octopi’s tentacles
(children  +  ‘s) (fish  +  ‘s) (octopi  +  ‘s)

[Quiz 3.1] ( Possessive Nouns )

Which of the following is not correct?

1)Dr. Hunts has a new computer.
2)Dr. Hunts’s new computer is working well.
3)Dr. Hunts’ computer is new.

View Answers

[3.1]
Both 2 and 3 are the correct answers. In your writing, you should be consistent. If you choose to leave the final ‘s’ out, then leave it out throughout your writing.

When to use CAPITAL LETTERS / Learn English

by | Jan 26, 2022 | Learn English

CAPITAL LETTERS / English lessons

Capitalization means using a capital letter (for example, A instead of a). The use of capital letters helps readers read your writing without confusion.Always capitalize the following:The first word in a sentence.

  • I grew up in India.
  • She left a message on my phone.

The pronoun I.

  • This country is where I dreamed of.

The first letter of a proper noun (specific name).

  • David wants to play soccer with us.
  • This letter is from Chang.
  • I graduated from the University of New York.
  • I like Coca-Cola.
  • She likes Godiva chocolates.

The first letter of months, days, and holidays (but not seasons).

  • Today is June 8, 2011.
  • Susie’s birthday is this Thursday.
  • The shops are closed on Easter.
  • This summer is going to be very hot.

The first letter of nationalities, religions, races of people, and languages.

  • We often eat Italian food.
  • I want to master many languages, such as Spanish, Korean, Chinese, and Russian.
  • There is one Christian church in my town.

The first letter in a person’s title.

  • This is Dr. Simon.
  • I got it from Mr. Tom.

Geographic areas: cities, states, countries, mountains, oceans, rivers, etc.

  • My destination is Paris, France.
  • Hawaii is in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.

Historical periods.

  • The Renaissance began in the 14th century.
  • The Qing Dynasty is the last dynasty in China.

The first letter of each major word in the title of a book, movie, article, etc.

  • Tolstoy’s War and Peace is my favorite novel.
  • I found the article “How to Write a Good Cover Letter” in this magazine.

[Quiz 30.1]

Correctly write each sentence using proper capitalization.

1)i was born in shanghai, china, but grew up in the united states.
2)mrs. ohana gave me the bible.
3)if you walk two more blocks, you will be able to see mt. rocky.
4)my family will have a summer vacation in hawaii.
5)I didn’t want to cook tonight, so I just ordered thai food for dinner.

View Answers

[30.1]
1)I was born in Shanghai, China, but grew up in the United States.
2)Mrs. Ohana gave me the Bible.
3)If you walk two more blocks, you will be able to see Mt. Rocky.
4)My family will have a summer vacation in Hawaii.
5)I didn’t want to cook tonight, so I just ordered Thai food for dinner.

English lessons /Interjections

by | Jan 26, 2022 | Learn English

English lessons /Interjections

English grammar lesson / Interjections

An interjection is a word that expresses some kind of emotion. It can be used as filler. Interjections do not have a grammatical function in the sentence and are not related to the other parts of the sentence. If an interjection is omitted, the sentence still makes sense. It can stand alone.

  • Ouch! That hurts.
  • Well, I need a break.
  • Wow! What a beautiful dress!

When you are expressing a strong emotion, use an exclamation mark (!). A comma (,) can be used for a weaker emotion.

Interjections do the following:

1.Express a feeling—wow, gee, oops, darn, geez, oh:

  • Oops, I’m sorry. That was my mistake.
  • Geez! Do I need to do it again?
  • Oh, I didn’t know that.

2.Say yes or no—yes, no, nope:

  • Yes! I will do it!
  • No, I am not going to go there.
  • Nope. That’s not what I want.

3.Call attention—yo, hey:

  • Yo, will you throw the ball back?
  • Hey, I just wanted to talk to you about the previous incident.

4.Indicate a pause—well, um, hmm:

  • Well, what I meant was nothing like that.
  • Um, here is our proposal.
  • Hmm. You really need to be on a diet.

[Quiz 29.1]

What should be B’s expression?

A: I got a perfect score on the math exam.
B:                      (Well. Wow! or Um.)

[Quiz 29.2]

What should be C’s expression?

C:                     ! (Nope, Hey, or Geez) My computer just broke.

View Answers

[29.1]

Prepositions in english/ Prepositions “Of,” “To,” and “For”

by | Jan 26, 2022 | Learn English

Prepositions in english

Prepositions “Of,” “To,” and “For”

Of

Used for belonging to, relating to, or connected with:

  • The secret of this game is that you can’t ever win.
  • The highlight of the show is at the end.
  • The first page of the book describes the author’s profile.
  • Don’t touch it. That’s the bag of my friend’s sister.
  • I always dreamed of being rich and famous.

Used to indicate reference:

  • I got married in the summer of 2000.
  • This is a picture of my family.
  • I got a discount of 10 percent on the purchase.

Used to indicate an amount or number:

  • I drank three cups of milk.
  • A large number of people gathered to protest.
  • I had only four hours of sleep during the last two days.
  • He got a perfect score of 5 on his writing assignment.

To

Used to indicate the place, person, or thing that someone or something moves toward, or the direction of something:

  • I am heading to the entrance of the building.
  • The package was mailed to Mr. Kim yesterday.
  • All of us went to the movie theater.
  • Please send it back to me.

Used to indicate a limit or an ending point:

  • The snow was piled up to the roof.
  • The stock prices rose up to 100 dollars.

Used to indicate relationship:

  • This letter is very important to your admission.
  • My answer to your question is in this envelop.
  • Do not respond to every little thing in your life.

Used to indicate a time or a period:

  • I work nine to six, Monday to Friday.
  • It is now 10 to five. (In other words, it is 4:50.)

For

Used to indicate the use of something:

  • This place is for exhibitions and shows.
  • I baked a cake for your birthday.
  • I put a note on the door for privacy.
  • She has been studying hard for the final exam.

Used to mean because of:

  • I am so happy for you.
  • We feel deeply sorry for your loss.
  • For this reason, I’ve decided to quit this job.

Used to indicate time or duration:

  • He’s been famous for many decades.
  • I attended the university for one year only.
  • This is all I have for today.

[Quiz 23.1] Prepositions in english

Choose the correct preposition in each sentence.

1)I slept                      (of, to, for) only two hours last night.
2)It was my first trip                      (of, to, for) Hawaii.
3)Turn off the TV and go straight                      (of, to, for) bed.
4)This book was written                      (of, to, for) the people who want to learn how to play a guitar.
5)I was late                      (of, to, for) school.
6)Spencer is one                      (of, to, for) my best friends.

View Answers

[23.1]
1) for
2) to
3) to
4) for
5) for
6) of