مرحباً بكم مع درس من دروس قواعد الإنجليزية …
زمن الماضي المستمر The Past Continuous Tense
أولاً: صياغة زمن الماضي المستمر:
يصاغ هذا الزمن بواسطة تصريف فعل الكينونة (to be) في صيغة الماضي البسيط مع الضمائر المختلفة ثم الفعل الأساسي بإضافة ing في نهايته:
was, were + verb + ing
ثانياً: استخداماته:
1- يستخدم ليعبر عن حدث كان مستمراً عندما قطعه حدث آخر, كأنك تقول بالعربي مثلاً ” عندما كنت بلعب.. بدأت تمطر) كنت بلعب هي ما يعبر عنه بالإنجليزية بالماضي المستمر, واليك الأمثلة التالية بالإنجليزية:
While I was watering the garden, it began to rain.
As the man was watching the exhibits, a thief stole his wallet.
When she arrived, I was talking to my mother.
ملحوظة:
أ- غالباً ما نستخدم هذا الزمن مع الكلمات الآتية:
When, while, as
ب- يلي while و as ماضي مستمر أما الفعل الآخر فيكون بصيغة الماضي البسيط
2- يستخدم لحدثين كانا مستمران في وقت واحد في الماضي مثل:
While he was studying, his father was reading the papers.
I was cooking in the kitchen while my daughter was studying her lessons.
نلاحظ هنا أن الفعلان مع while هما في الماضي المستمر
3- لهذا الزمن استخدامات أخرى لذا فهو يستخدم ل:
أ- حدث كان مستمراً بين نقطتين من الزمن في الماضي مثل:
From 2 to 4 yesterday, he was playing in the street.
From the school time till bedtime, I was studying my lessons.
ب- حدث كان مستمراً في وقت محدد في الماضي مثل:
She was washing up at 2 o’clock yesterday.
I was repairing my car the whole night yesterday.
ج- يستخدم مع كلمة “always” ليعبر عن المضايقة مثل:
He was always asking for help.
She was always annoying us.
ثالثاً: تمارين:
تمرين رقم 1:
صحح الفعل بين القوسين:
1- While I (study) last night, the light (go) out.
2- He (see) a house on fire while he (walk).
3- When she (arrive) yesterday, I (have) a bath.
4- He (sit) on the bank fishing when he (see) a drowning boy.
5- As she (study), she (fall) asleep.
تمرين رقم 2:
اختر الإجابة الصحيحة وضعها في مكانها المناسب:
1- While he …………… to Cairo, he came across a friend of mine. (traveling, was traveling, traveled)
2- He fell down while he …………………. (was running, running, had run)3- I ………………… the television at 10 o’clock yesterday. (watched, was watching, watching)
4- While she was studying, her father ………………. (read, reading, was reading)
5- What was he doing when I ……………………? (arrived, had arrived, was arriving)
رابعاً: حلول التمارين:
حل تمرين رقم 1:
1- While I was studying last night, the light went out.
2- He saw a house on fire while he was walking.
3- When she arrived yesterday, I was having a bath.
4- He was sitting on the bank fishing when he saw a drowning boy.
5- As she was studying, she fell asleep.
حل تمرين رقم 2:
1- While he was traveling to Cairo, he came across a friend of mine.
2- He fell down while he was running.
3- I was watching the television at 10 o’clock yesterday.
4- While she was studying, her father was reading.
5- What was he doing when I arrived?